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1.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 37(2): 259-264, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32876214

RESUMO

Observational, cross-sectional, populational study to determine the prevalence of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) in the Matsés ethnic group, after immunization against HBV. ELISA and qPCR tests were used in 963 residents. The prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs was 3.32%, 36.03% and 58.67% respectively. In 3.1% of the population the viral load was greater than 2000 IU/mL. In children under 10 years, the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc was 0.0% and 2.6%, respectively, while protective antibodies were found in 94.4%. The prevalence of HIV and HTLV-1/2 infection was 1.5% and 0.6%, respectively. It is therefore concluded that there are low rates of HBV and HDV infection in the Matsés child population. Likewise, the presence of HIV and HTLV-1/2 infection is confirmed.


Para determinar la prevalencia de infección por los virus de la hepatitis B y D (VHB y VHD, respectivamente), VIH y HTLV-1/2 en la etnia matsés, después de la inmunización contra el VHB se realizó un estudio transversal y poblacional, utilizando pruebas de ELISA y qPCR en 963 pobladores. Las prevalencias de HBsAg, anti-HBc y anti-HBs fueron 3,3%, 36,0% y 58,7%, respectivamente. En el 3,1% de la población la carga viral fue mayor a 2000 UI/mL. En menores de 10 años, la prevalencia de HBsAg y anti-HBc fue 0,0% y 2,6%, respectivamente, mientras que en el 94,4% se encontraron anticuerpos protectores. La prevalencia de infección por el VIH y el HTLV-1/2 fue 1,5% y 0,6%, respectivamente. Se concluye que existen tasas bajas de infección por el VHB y el VHD en la población infantil de la etnia matsés. Asimismo, se confirma la presencia de infección por el VIH y el HTLV-1/2.


Assuntos
Etnicidade , Hepatite B , Hepatite D , Infecções por Retroviridae , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/etnologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/etnologia , Hepatite B/etnologia , Hepatite D/etnologia , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Infecções por Retroviridae/etnologia
2.
PLoS One ; 15(8): e0236993, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32760100

RESUMO

In 1991, Peru launched the first vaccination program against hepatitis B in children aged under 5 years in the hyperendemic [hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV)] province of Abancay. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of HBV and HDV infections, 23 years after the launch of the vaccination program, as well as the post-vaccine response against hepatitis B in terms of prevalence of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs ≥10 mUI/ml). Among 3165 participants aged from 0 to 94 years, the prevalence rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and hepatitis B core antibody (total anti-HBc) were 1.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.64%], and 41.67% (95% CI 39.95-43.41%), respectively. The prevalence rate of anti-HBs at protective levels (≥10 mUI/ml) in individuals who HBsAg and anti-HBc negative was 66.36% (95% CI 64.15-68.51%). The prevalence rate of HBsAg in children aged <15 years was nil, and among adult HBsAg carriers, the prevalence of hepatitis D antibody (anti-HDV) was 5.26% (2/38; 95% CI 0.64-17.74). These findings showed that HBV prevalence has changed from high to low endemicity, 23 years following implementation of the vaccination program against hepatitis B, and HDV infection was not detected in those aged <30 years.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Hepatite B/história , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite D/epidemiologia , Programas de Imunização/história , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Endêmicas , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/farmacologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite D/imunologia , Vírus Delta da Hepatite/imunologia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Projetos Piloto , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
3.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(2): 259-264, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127134

RESUMO

RESUMEN Para determinar la prevalencia de infección por los virus de la hepatitis B y D (VHB y VHD, respectivamente), VIH y HTLV-1/2 en la etnia matsés, después de la inmunización contra el VHB se realizó un estudio transversal y poblacional, utilizando pruebas de ELISA y qPCR en 963 pobladores. Las prevalencias de HBsAg, anti-HBc y anti-HBs fueron 3,3%, 36,0% y 58,7%, respectivamente. En el 3,1% de la población la carga viral fue mayor a 2000 UI/mL. En menores de 10 años, la prevalencia de HBsAg y anti-HBc fue 0,0% y 2,6%, respectivamente, mientras que en el 94,4% se encontraron anticuerpos protectores. La prevalencia de infección por el VIH y el HTLV-1/2 fue 1,5% y 0,6%, respectivamente. Se concluye que existen tasas bajas de infección por el VHB y el VHD en la población infantil de la etnia matsés. Asimismo, se confirma la presencia de infección por el VIH y el HTLV-1/2.


ABSTRACT Observational, cross-sectional, populational study to determine the prevalence of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) in the Matsés ethnic group, after immunization against HBV. ELISA and qPCR tests were used in 963 residents. The prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs was 3.32%, 36.03% and 58.67% respectively. In 3.1% of the population the viral load was greater than 2000 IU/mL. In children under 10 years, the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc was 0.0% and 2.6%, respectively, while protective antibodies were found in 94.4%. The prevalence of HIV and HTLV-1/2 infection was 1.5% and 0.6%, respectively. It is therefore concluded that there are low rates of HBV and HDV infection in the Matsés child population. Likewise, the presence of HIV and HTLV-1/2 infection is confirmed.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hepatite D , Vírus Delta da Hepatite , Vírus da Hepatite B , HIV , Infecções por Retroviridae , Povos Indígenas , Hepatite B , Peru , Peru/epidemiologia , Retroviridae , Hepatite D/etnologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/etnologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/etnologia , Etnicidade , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Imunização , Infecções por Retroviridae/etnologia , Hepatite B/etnologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B
4.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 29(4): 437-443, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-662929

RESUMO

Objetivos. Estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra sarampión, rubéola y hepatitis B en niños de 1 a 4 años del Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta nacional basada en la aplicación de un cuestionario y obtención de muestra de sangre capilar en papel de filtro para el estudio de anticuerpos contra sarampión, rubéola y hepatitis B en niños de 1 a 4 años. Se utilizó un muestreo probabilístico, estratificado y multietápico con inferencia a nivel nacional y siete ámbitos de estudio: Lima metropolitana, resto de costa urbana, costa rural, sierra urbana, sierra rural, selva urbana y selva rural. Las muestras de sangre capilar fueron procesadas siguiendo protocolos estandarizados para la determinación de anticuerpos mediante técnica de ELISA utilizando reactivos comerciales. Resultados. Se encontró una prevalencia nacional de 91,6% (IC95%: 90,6-92,7%), 91,3% (IC 95%: 90,3-92,4%) y 95,9% (IC 95%: 95,0-96,8%) para anticuerpos contra sarampión, rubéola y hepatitis B respectivamente. No se evidenció diferencias significativas de las prevalencias entre los diferentes ámbitos de estudio y en los diferentes estratos socioeconómicos de los conglomerados. Conclusiones. En niños de 1 a 4 años se ha estimado una prevalencia nacional de anticuerpos contra sarampión y rubéola entre 90-93%, mientras que para anticuerpos contra hepatitis B (anti-HBsAg) entre 95-97%.


Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of antibodies against measles, rubella and hepatitis B in children aged between 1 and 4 years in Peru. Materials and methods. A national survey was conducted based on a questionnaire and capillary blood sample taken on filter paper in order to study antibodies against measles, rubella and hepatitis B in children from 1 to 4 years of age. A stratified, multistage, probability sampling design was used to be representative at the national level and at level of seven ambits, including the Metropolitan Lima Area, the rest of the urban coast, the rural coast, the urban highlands, the rural highlands, the urban jungle and the rural jungle. The capillary blood samples were processed according to the standardized protocols for detection of antibodies using the ELISA technique and commercial reagents. Results. The survey showed a national prevalence of antibodies against measles, rubella and hepatitis B of 91.6% (CI 95%: 90.6%; 92.7%), 91.3% (CI 95%: 90.3%; 92.4%) and 95.9% (CI 95%: 95.0%; 96.8%) respectively. There was no evidence of significant differences in the prevalence among the ambits of study or among the socioeconomic strata of the conglomerates for any of the three types of antibodies. Conclusions. In children from 1 to 4 years of age, the national prevalence of antibodies against measles and Rubella was between 90-93%, while the prevalence of antibodies against Hepatitis B (anti-HBsAg) was between 95-97%.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Vacina contra Sarampo/imunologia , Vírus do Sarampo/imunologia , Vacina contra Rubéola/imunologia , Vírus da Rubéola/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Peru
5.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 29(4): 437-43, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23338627

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of antibodies against measles, rubella and hepatitis B in children aged between 1 and 4 years in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A national survey was conducted based on a questionnaire and capillary blood sample taken on filter paper in order to study antibodies against measles, rubella and hepatitis B in children from 1 to 4 years of age. A stratified, multistage, probability sampling design was used to be representative at the national level and at level of seven ambits, including the Metropolitan Lima Area, the rest of the urban coast, the rural coast, the urban highlands, the rural highlands, the urban jungle and the rural jungle. The capillary blood samples were processed according to the standardized protocols for detection of antibodies using the ELISA technique and commercial reagents. RESULTS: The survey showed a national prevalence of antibodies against measles, rubella and hepatitis B of 91.6% (CI 95%: 90.6%; 92.7%), 91.3% (CI 95%: 90.3%; 92.4%) and 95.9% (CI 95%: 95.0%; 96.8%) respectively. There was no evidence of significant differences in the prevalence among the ambits of study or among the socioeconomic strata of the conglomerates for any of the three types of antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: In children from 1 to 4 years of age, the national prevalence of antibodies against measles and Rubella was between 90-93%, while the prevalence of antibodies against Hepatitis B (anti-HBsAg) was between 95-97%.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Vacina contra Sarampo/imunologia , Vírus do Sarampo/imunologia , Vacina contra Rubéola/imunologia , Vírus da Rubéola/imunologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Peru
6.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 27(4): 512-519, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-573928

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de enfermedades transmisibles, salud mental y exposición a contaminantes ambientales en la población aledaña al proyecto minero Las Bambas antes de la fase de explotación. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 453 personas (niños y adultos) residentes en tres distritos de la región Apurímac: Haquira, Chalhuahuacho y Progreso. Se evaluó el desarrollo psicomotor, coeficiente intelectual y niveles de ansiedad y depresión, así como la presencia de enfermedades transmisibles (sífilis, VIH, hepatitis viral B, C y Delta,) metales pesados (nivel de plomo en sangre, nivel de cadmio, arsénico y mercurio, en orina) y colinesterasa sérica. Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 29,0 ± 17,3 años, 59,2 por ciento fueron mujeres y el tiempo de residencia fue de 6 a 15 años. No se encontraron casos de VIH, hepatitis C y Delta, 1,4 por ciento fueron positivos a sífilis y en relación con hepatitis B se encontró 1,7 por ciento positivos a anti HBc total y 0,5 por ciento positivos a HBs Ag. Se encontraron valores por encima de lo permitido de mercurio en 1,8 por ciento de la población, arsénico en 4,6 por ciento, plomo en 24,3 por ciento y cadmio en 43,9 por ciento. Además, el 29,1 por ciento de la población tuvo valores de colinesterasa inferiores al rango referencial. En la población infantil, 12,5 por ciento presentaba riesgo en su desarrollo psicomotor; 2,1 por ciento y 3,1 por ciento presentaba retardo mental leve y fronterizo, respectivamente; 34,3 por ciento de los mayores de 12 años sufrían de ansiedad y 17,5 por ciento de depresión. Conclusiones. Existen evidencias de contaminación ambiental por metales pesados y presencia de enfermedades transmisibles en esta población. Una futura explotación minera irresponsable podría agravar dicha situación epidemiológica.


Objective. To determine the prevalence of communicable diseases, mental health and environmental pollutants exposure in population living near Las Bambas mining project before exploitation phase. Material and methods. Cross sectional study performed in 453 subjects (children and adults) living in three Apurimac region districts: Haquira, Chalhuahuacho and Progreso. Psychomotor development, intelligence quotient, anxiety and depression levels and the presence of communicable diseases (viral hepatitis B, C and delta, syphilis and HIV) were evaluated, as well as heavy metals (lead in blood, and cadmium, arsenic and mercury in urine samples) and serum cholinesterase levels. Results. Mean age was 29 ± 17.25 years, 59.2 percent were female and a range of 6 to 15 years of living in the area was found. No cases of HIV, hepatitis C and delta were found, 1.4 percent were positive for syphilis and in relation to hepatitis B, we found 1,7 percent of subjects positive to total anti HBc and 0.5 percent positive for HBsAg. Heavy metal testing identified people with exceeding limits of mercury in 1.8 percent arsenic in 4.6 percent, lead in 24.3 percent and cadmium in 43.9 percent. Besides, 29.1 percent of the population had cholinesterase levels below normal range. Among children, 12.5 percent were at psychomotor development levels of risk; 2.1 percent and 3.1 percent suffered from mild and borderline intellectual disability (mental retardation), respectively. 34.3 percent of subjects older than 12 had anxiety and 17.5 percent depression. Conclusions. Evidence of heavy metal environmental pollution and presence of communicable diseases in this population were already found. Future careless mining activity could worsen the current health situation.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Mineração , Estudos Transversais , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Saúde Mental , Peru/epidemiologia
7.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 27(4): 512-9, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21308189

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of communicable diseases, mental health and environmental pollutants exposure in population living near Las Bambas mining project before exploitation phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional study performed in 453 subjects (children and adults) living in three Apurimac region districts: Haquira, Chalhuahuacho and Progreso. Psychomotor development, intelligence quotient, anxiety and depression levels and the presence of communicable diseases (viral hepatitis B, C and delta, syphilis and HIV) were evaluated, as well as heavy metals (lead in blood, and cadmium, arsenic and mercury in urine samples) and serum cholinesterase levels. RESULTS: Mean age was 29 ± 17.25 years, 59.2% were female and a range of 6 to 15 years of living in the area was found. No cases of HIV, hepatitis C and delta were found, 1.4% were positive for syphilis and in relation to hepatitis B, we found 1,7% of subjects positive to total anti HBc and 0.5% positive for HBsAg. Heavy metal testing identified people with exceeding limits of mercury in 1.8% arsenic in 4.6%, lead in 24.3% and cadmium in 43.9%. Besides, 29.1% of the population had cholinesterase levels below normal range. Among children, 12.5% were at psychomotor development levels of risk; 2.1% and 3.1% suffered from mild and borderline intellectual disability (mental retardation), respectively. 34.3% of subjects older than 12 had anxiety and 17.5% depression. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of heavy metal environmental pollution and presence of communicable diseases in this population were already found. Future careless mining activity could worsen the current health situation.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Mineração , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Saúde Mental , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
8.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 24(4): 370-377, oct.-dic. 2007. mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-559308

RESUMO

El Perú es considerado un país de endemicidad intermedia-alta para el virus de hepatitis B (VHB), con variaciones entre diferentes regiones. Existen pocos reportes del problema de infección por el VHB en personal militar. Objetivos. Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de infección por el VHB en un brote epidémico en personal militar destacado en Ampama, Amazonas, Perú. Material y métodos. Estudio caso-control en personal militar destacado al puesto de Ampama y a la base El Milagro, departamento de Amazonas. Fueron evaluados HBsAg y posibles factores de riesgo asociados a un incremento de riesgo de adquirir el VHB. Resultados. Se estudió a 123 personas, repartidos en 41 sujetos en cada uno de los grupos (casos, control 1 y control 2). 73,2 por ciento de los casos tuvo confirmación de infección aguda por el VHB (IgM anti HBc positivo) y anti Delta fue positivo en 1/37 (2,7 por ciento) caso. Ninguno de los factores de riesgo evaluados mostró una asociación significativa con hepatitis B. Algunos factores de riesgo con posible asociación fueron contacto con personal con hepatitis B (OR 2,3; IC95 por ciento 0,9 û 5,7) y mordedura de murciélago (OR 1,6; IC95 por ciento 0,6 û 4,4). Conclusiones. Los factores de riesgo clásicos asociados con la transmisión del virus de la hepatitis B no fueron significativos. El personal militar es un grupo en riesgo para infectarse con el VHB. de los casos tuvo confirmación de infección aguda por el VHB (IgM anti HBc positivo) y anti Delta fue positivo en 1/37 (2,7 por ciento) caso. Ninguno de los factores de riesgo evaluados mostró una asociación significativa con hepatitis B. Algunos factores de riesgo con posible asociación fueron contacto con personal con hepatitis B (OR 2,3; IC95 por ciento 0,9 û 5,7) y mordedura de murciélago (OR 1,6; IC95 por ciento 0,6û 4,4). Conclusiones. Los factores de riesgo clásicos asociados con la transmisión del virus de la hepatitis B no fueron significativos...


Peru is considered a mid-high endemic country for viral hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its prevalence varies between regions. There is limited reported data of the problem of HBV infection in rural areas and military personnel. Objective. We evaluated risk factors associated with an increased risk of HBV infection in an outbreak among military personnel deployed in the rainforest region of Ampama, Amazonas, Peru. Material and methods. Case-control study amongst soldiers placed in Ampama post and El Milagro base. HBsAg and potential family, personal, hygiene and sanitation and specific risk factors for the area were evaluated. Results. A total of 123 male military personnel, 41 in each group (cases, control group 1 and control group 2) were included in the study. 73.2 per cent of cases had confirmed HBV acute infection (IgM anti-HBc positive) and delta antibody was positive in 1/37 (2.7 per cent) of the cases. None of the traditional risk factors showed a significant association with hepatitis B. Some risk factors with borderline association were contact with someone sick due to hepatitis B (OR 2.3, 95 per cent IC 0.9 û 5.7) and bat bites (OR 1.6, 95 per cent CI 0.6 û 4.4). Conclusions. The outbreak described was due to HBV and classical risk factors did not show an association with hepatitis B in this study. Military personnel are a risk group to develop HBV infection and HBV continues to be an important problem in these areas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Hepatite B , Militares , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Peru
9.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 24(4): 427-430, oct.-dic. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-559312

RESUMO

En el mundo existen más de 350 millones de portadores crónicos con hepatitis viral B, en el Perú la prevalencia de este virus es variada. Existen áreas hiperendémicas en la región Amazónica y en algunos valles de la vertiente oriental de los Andes tales como Abancay y Ayacucho. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar preliminarmente los genotipos del virus de la hepatitis B (HBV) presentes en muestras serológicas de Ancash, Ayacucho, Lima, Loreto y Ucayali. El análisis de la secuencia de ADN parcial de la región S del genoma viral del HBV fue realizado a partir de doce sueros con antígeno e (HBeAg) positivos. El resultado de este análisis indica la presencia del genotipo F (subtipo adw4) en todas las muestras analizadas.


In the world there are more than 350 million of chronic carriers with hepatitis B virus (HBV), in Peru the prevalence of this virus is varied. There are hyperendemic areas in the Amazon Region and some valleys of the Eastern slope of the Andean such as Abancay and Huanta. The objective of this study was to determine preliminary the genotypes of the HBV present in serologic samples from Ancash, Ayacucho, Lima, Loreto and Ucayali areas. The analysis of partial S region HBV sequence was realized from twelve antigen e (HBeAg) positive serums. The result of this analysis indicates the presence of genotype F (subtype adw4) in all the analyzed samples.


Assuntos
Humanos , Genótipo , Hepatite B/virologia , Prevalência , Vírus da Hepatite B , Peru
10.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 20(3): 201-12, jul.-set. 2000. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-270830

RESUMO

Huanta es un valle interandino ubicado a 2,400 msnm y es considerada una zona hiperendémica de HVB, donde el 8 por ciento del total de fallecidos corresponden a enfermedades hepáticas como hepatitis fulminante, cirrosis o hepatocarcinoma. En 1994 se instauró en esta localidad un Programa Piloto de Inmunización contra HVB integrado al Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (PAI), con los objetivos de reducir la incidencia debida a HVB/HVD y mejorar las coberturas de vacunación del PAI. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron para la vacunación 1,212 niños menores de 1 año y 5,175 niños entre 1-4 años. Se aplicó a cada niño, tres dosis de una vacuna recombinante de DNA contra HVB. El esquema fue adaptado al del PAI. En niños menores de 1 año fue: recién nacido: BCG, Polio HBV1;2 meses: Polio1, DPT1, HVB2; 3 meses: Polio2, DPT2; 4 meses: Polio3, DPT3, HVB3; 9 meses: sarampión. En el grupo de 1-4 años, el esquema fué: HVB1 al ser captado, HVB2 al mes de la primera y HVB3 al 6º mes de la primera. Resultados: Al año de iniciado el programa, recibieron 3 dosis de la vacuna, 1,386 (98.1 por ciento) niños menores de 1 año y 4,353 (84.1 por ciento) niños de 1 a 4 años. No se reportaron reacciones adversas importantes. Ocurrieron 1 caso de HVA y 2 de HVB entre los vacunados. El objetivo de mejorar las coberturas de vacunación del PAI, fue alcanzado, así las coberturas de vacunación en menores de 1 año con DPT en 1991 fué de 75 por ciento en 1992 de 64.5 por ciento, en 1993 del 55.2 por ciento, mientras que en 1994 en el que se incluyó la vacuna contra HVB, la cobertura fue de 98.1 por ciento. El impacto del programa se muestra por la significativa reducción de las tasas de infección en niños de 3-4 años en 1994 (24.4 por ciento - 30.4 por ciento) comparado con las tasas de infección en niños de la misma edad en 1997 (2.3 - 5.1 por ciento). Conclusión: La inclusión de la vacuna contra HVB en el PAI en una zona hiperendémica de HVB/HVD, es segura, eficaz y mejora las coberturas del PAI.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Vacinas contra Hepatite Viral , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Cobertura Vacinal
11.
Rev Gastroenterol Peru ; 20(3): 201-212, 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12140582

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Huanta is an interandean valley at 2,400 meters above sea level in the peruvian highlands. It is hyperendemic for HBV, and deaths related to HBV such a fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma make up 8% of the total mortality. A pilot program of inmunization against HBV integrated with the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI) was established in 1994, so as to limit the incidence if HBV-HDV, and as a strategy to improve EPI coverages.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,412 children under 1 year old and 5,175 children from 1 to 4 years old were scheduled for vaccination. Three doses of the recombinant DNA vaccine agains HBV were used for each child. The schedule was adapted to the EPI vaccination calendar. In children under a year the schedule was: newborns: BCG, Polio, HBVI; 2 months: Poliol DPTI, HBV2; 3 months: Polio 2, DPT2; 4 months: polio 3, DPT3, HBV3; 9 months: Measles. In the group of children from 1 to 4 years old, the schedule was: HBVI at child recruitment; HBV2: after 2 months of the first one, HBV3: after 6 month of the first one.RESULTS: One year after starting, 3 dose immunizations have been made in 1,386 (98.1%) children under one year old and 4,353 (84.1%) in children from 1 to 4 years old. No important side effects related to the HB vaccine have been recorded; one case of HAV and two of HBV occurred in children who were beginning their immunization schedule. The objective of improving vaccination coverage by the EPI was achieved; the coverage in children under one year old for DPT were 76% (1991), 64.5% (1992), 55.2% (1993), and as a result of the strategy the coverage was improved to 98.1%. The program efficacy is demonstrated by the significative reduction of the infection rates of children 3-4 years old in 1994 (24.4-30.4%) compared with the children infection rates of the same age in 1997 (2.3-5.1 %).CONCLUSION: Including the HBV vaccine within the EPI program in a hyperendemic area for HBV-HDV has improved the EPI coverages; the vaccination compaign strategy has shown its effectiveness and safety, showing impact in the reduction of infection rates.

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